ការបកប្រែអត្ថន័យគួរអាន - ការបកប្រែជាភាសាអង់គ្លេស - បណ្ឌិត វ៉ាលីទព្លីហាស្ហ អូម៉ើរី - កំពុងដំណើរការលើវា
إِنَّمَا ٱلنَّسِيٓءُ زِيَادَةٞ فِي ٱلۡكُفۡرِۖ يُضَلُّ بِهِ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ يُحِلُّونَهُۥ عَامٗا وَيُحَرِّمُونَهُۥ عَامٗا لِّيُوَاطِـُٔواْ عِدَّةَ مَا حَرَّمَ ٱللَّهُ فَيُحِلُّواْ مَا حَرَّمَ ٱللَّهُۚ زُيِّنَ لَهُمۡ سُوٓءُ أَعۡمَٰلِهِمۡۗ وَٱللَّهُ لَا يَهۡدِي ٱلۡقَوۡمَ ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ
[2088] The previous aya introduces this one (cf. Ibn ʿĀshūr).
[2089] al-Nasī’ (lit. deferral) was a practice common among the pagan Arabs in which they would declare the number of four months sacrosanct, not necessarily exactly the God-ordained ones. They would accordingly defer and/or replace some of the sacrosanct months with other ones as it suited their fighting agenda. So, to just match the number four, they would declare one of these months that suited them most one year lawful and unlawful during the next year (cf. al-Muyassar, al-Muḥarrar).
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مَا لَكُمۡ إِذَا قِيلَ لَكُمُ ٱنفِرُواْ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ ٱثَّاقَلۡتُمۡ إِلَى ٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ أَرَضِيتُم بِٱلۡحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنۡيَا مِنَ ٱلۡأٓخِرَةِۚ فَمَا مَتَٰعُ ٱلۡحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنۡيَا فِي ٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ إِلَّا قَلِيلٌ
[2090] Now the sura turns to the lessons drawn from the Tabuk Expedition, exposing at length in the process a third type of disruptive segment amongst the population, the hypocrites, whose danger was yet more serious than the rest; they lurked among the Believers, posing as Believers themselves, all the while sabotaging society and trying to weaken it from within.
[2091] Iththāqaltum (translated here as: sluggishly move, clinging heavily to the ground) is a distinctly marked Qur’anic lexical phrase where sound and meaning are inseparably conflated. V. Abdur Rahim explains: “One can feel that the phonetic sequence ith-thā where a sukūn ˹diacritic˺ is followed by a long fatḥah ˹diacritic˺, and the heavy consonant th is doubled resulting in a lingering effect, more effectively suggests the idea of clinging to earth coupled with unwilling effort to get up than the original sequence ta-thā” (Iththāqaltum: A study of some lesser-known phonetic and morphological; changes in some Qur’anic words, pp. 14-15; it is also discussed by al-Qurṭubī, al-Zamakhsharī and Ibn ʿĀshūr). Therefore a simple translation of it is not possible, and would cloud over a beautiful aspect of Qur’anic diction. What is being captured here is the image of the languid reaction of some among the Believers to the call to arms for the Tabuk Expedition. Such unexpected reaction can only be appreciated within its context: people were of extremely meagre resources, the land was dry, the time was of sweltering heat, the palm dates ˹the staple food of Madinah˺ were ripe for harvest, the journey was far away and required much preparation and the enemy was, by far, much greater in number and probably the best in the world at that time (cf. al-Wāḥidī, al-Basīṭ, al-Rāẓī, al-Zajjāj, Maʿānī al-Qur’ān).
[2092] Raḍītum (accept, agree to) is more expressive than the more likely alternatives such as āthartum or faḍḍaltum (prefer, opt for) because it denotes a willingness of the heart (cf. Abū Ḥayyān, Ibn ʿĀshūr).
[2093] al-Mustawrid Ibn Shaddād (رضي الله عنه) narrated that the Messenger (ﷺ) said: “By Allah, this worldly life by comparison to the Hereafter is like a person who dips this finger (pointing his index finger) in the sea; see how much he draws from it!” (Muslim: 2858).
إِلَّا تَنفِرُواْ يُعَذِّبۡكُمۡ عَذَابًا أَلِيمٗا وَيَسۡتَبۡدِلۡ قَوۡمًا غَيۡرَكُمۡ وَلَا تَضُرُّوهُ شَيۡـٔٗاۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ قَدِيرٌ
[2094] Others who would answer the call more willingly (cf. al-Ṭabarī, Ibn ʿAṭiyyah, Ibn Kathīr): “˹…˺ If you turn away, He will replace you with other people. And they will not be like you”. (47: 38); “You who Believe, whoever of you renounces his religion, then Allah will ˹soon enough˺ bring forth ˹in your stead˺ people whom He loves and they ˹truly˺ love Him, lenient to the Believers, stern towards the Deniers, they strive hard in the path of Allah fearing no reproach from anyone who reproaches…” (5: 54).
إِلَّا تَنصُرُوهُ فَقَدۡ نَصَرَهُ ٱللَّهُ إِذۡ أَخۡرَجَهُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ ثَانِيَ ٱثۡنَيۡنِ إِذۡ هُمَا فِي ٱلۡغَارِ إِذۡ يَقُولُ لِصَٰحِبِهِۦ لَا تَحۡزَنۡ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ مَعَنَاۖ فَأَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ سَكِينَتَهُۥ عَلَيۡهِ وَأَيَّدَهُۥ بِجُنُودٖ لَّمۡ تَرَوۡهَا وَجَعَلَ كَلِمَةَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ ٱلسُّفۡلَىٰۗ وَكَلِمَةُ ٱللَّهِ هِيَ ٱلۡعُلۡيَاۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ
[2095] The Deniers compelled the Messenger (ﷺ) to leave his hometown of Makkah (cf. Ibn ʿAṭiyyah, Abū Ḥayyān, Ibn Kathīr).
[2096] The Messenger (ﷺ) and Abū Bakr (رضي الله عنه) hid away from the Deniers in a small cave (ghār) in the Mount of Thawr near Makkah at the beginning of their migratory journey to Madinah (cf. al-Ṭabarī, al-Saʿdī, al-Shinqīṭī, al-ʿAdhb al-Namīr; for a detailed account of how this journey commenced, see: al-Bukhārī: 3905).
[2097] Anas Ibn Mālik (رضي الله عنه) narrated that Abū Bakr (رضي الله عنه) told him: “I looked at the feet of the Associators above our heads while we were in the small cave and said: “Messenger of Allah, if anyone of them looks down at his feet he would see us!” He said: “Abū Bakr, what do you think of two ˹people˺ whom Allah is their third!” (al-Bukhārī: 3653, Muslim: 2381).
[2098] These were angels who came to the Messenger’s aid in the small cave. How they did so is disputed (cf. al-Wāḥidī, al-Basīṭ, al-Rāzī, Ibn ʿĀshūr, al-Shinqīṭī, al-ʿAdhb al-Namīr).
[2099] That is as God Almighty made His religion, Islam, prevail (cf. al-Muyassar, al-Muḥarrar).
