የቅዱስ ቁርዓን ይዘት ትርጉም - የእንግሊዝኛ ትርጉም - በዶ/ር ወሊድ ብሊሂሽ አል-ዑመሪይ - ገና ያልተጠናቀቀ
هَلۡ يَنظُرُونَ إِلَّآ أَن تَأۡتِيَهُمُ ٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ أَوۡ يَأۡتِيَ رَبُّكَ أَوۡ يَأۡتِيَ بَعۡضُ ءَايَٰتِ رَبِّكَۗ يَوۡمَ يَأۡتِي بَعۡضُ ءَايَٰتِ رَبِّكَ لَا يَنفَعُ نَفۡسًا إِيمَٰنُهَا لَمۡ تَكُنۡ ءَامَنَتۡ مِن قَبۡلُ أَوۡ كَسَبَتۡ فِيٓ إِيمَٰنِهَا خَيۡرٗاۗ قُلِ ٱنتَظِرُوٓاْ إِنَّا مُنتَظِرُونَ
[1553] That is, not embracing the evident Truth they were given, they only wait for one of three very grave things to happen: 1) that angels come to them with death, terminating their lives while still Denying; 2) God coming to judge their affairs on the Day of Judgement: “Do they expect ˹nothing˺ but that Allah comes to them in shadows of clouds along with the angels; ˹lo!˺ the affair is settled and to Allah all affairs are returned” (2: 210); 3) that some of the Signs of the Day of Judgement, especially the sun rising from the West, take place. (al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī)
[1554] Those who Believe are also to do good deeds and earn rewards for them (cf. Ibn ʿĀshūr).
[1555] Abū Hurayrah (رضي الله عنه) narrated that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: “The Hour will not come until the sun rises from the West. When it does so, people will Believe, but then: “…a soul’s Believing will be to no avail to it had it not Believed earlier or earned good in its Believing” (al-Bukhārī: 6506, Muslim: 157). Belief has got to be in the Unseen and out of free choice but if the Signs are present then it becomes useless, because it becomes a must (cf. al-Saʿdī): “Repentance is not ˹due˺ for those who carry on committing ˹many a grave˺ evil, until death comes upon one of them, whence he says: “Now I repent!” (4: 18).
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ فَرَّقُواْ دِينَهُمۡ وَكَانُواْ شِيَعٗا لَّسۡتَ مِنۡهُمۡ فِي شَيۡءٍۚ إِنَّمَآ أَمۡرُهُمۡ إِلَى ٱللَّهِ ثُمَّ يُنَبِّئُهُم بِمَا كَانُواْ يَفۡعَلُونَ
[1556] “He has prescribed for you as religion that which He enjoined upon Noah, and that which We sent down to you ˹Muhammad˺, and that which We enjoined upon Abraham, Moses, and Jesus, that you uphold religion and not become divided therein” (42: 13); “This nation of yours is one – and I am your Lord: be Mindful of Me – *but they have split their community into sects, each rejoicing in their own. *So leave them ˹Muhammad˺ for a while steeped ˹in their ignorance˺. *Do they reckon that, by giving them wealth and children, *We race to give them good things? Nay, but they are unaware!” (23: 52-56)
مَن جَآءَ بِٱلۡحَسَنَةِ فَلَهُۥ عَشۡرُ أَمۡثَالِهَاۖ وَمَن جَآءَ بِٱلسَّيِّئَةِ فَلَا يُجۡزَىٰٓ إِلَّا مِثۡلَهَا وَهُمۡ لَا يُظۡلَمُونَ
[1557] Such is Almighty God’s boundless benevolence to those who do good deeds, and ultimate justice in judging the affairs of those who commit evil (cf. al-Shinqīṭī, al-ʿAdhb al-Namīr).
قُلۡ إِنَّنِي هَدَىٰنِي رَبِّيٓ إِلَىٰ صِرَٰطٖ مُّسۡتَقِيمٖ دِينٗا قِيَمٗا مِّلَّةَ إِبۡرَٰهِيمَ حَنِيفٗاۚ وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ ٱلۡمُشۡرِكِينَ
[1558] This is the sura’s concluding passage. It draws to a close the series of commands to the Prophet (ﷺ) to argue with his Denying people (to ‘say’ to them; which is further repeated thrice in this passage) so that they may see some sense and make an ultimate and firm stand-taking declaration (cf. Ibn ʿĀshūr).
[1559] The creed of Abraham, ḥanīfiyyah, is the most pristine form of submission (islām) to God and the unadulterated source of all Heavenly-revealed religions. Makkans, being the custodians of the holy sites which Abraham himself instated by the command of God, fully realized the meaning of a new religion coming to them, one that would restore their true religion to its purest form (cf. Riḍā): “They said: “Become Jews or Christian, and you will be guided”. Say: “Nay, but ˹we follow˺ the creed of Ibrāhīm, rightly oriented, and he was not one of the Associators” (2: 135); “With this Ibrāhīm and Yaʿqūb ˹Jacob˺ enjoined their sons: “My sons! Allah has chosen this religion for you, so die not without being devoutly submitted” (2: 132).
قُلۡ إِنَّ صَلَاتِي وَنُسُكِي وَمَحۡيَايَ وَمَمَاتِي لِلَّهِ رَبِّ ٱلۡعَٰلَمِينَ
[1560] Nusuk is a general denominator for all acts of worship meant to get closer to God (Ibn Qutaybah, Gharīb al-Qur’ān, Ibn Fāris, Maqāyīs al-Lughah, al-Iṣfahānī, al-Mufradāt). However, the majority of exegetes are of the opinion that here it means sacrificing animals (cf. al-Shinqīṭī, al-ʿAdhb al-Namīr). Both Prayers and sacrificing were very conspicuous acts of devotion which ran contrary to the then common practices prevalent in the Makkan polytheistic society. They are both symbolic of the firmness of Faith (cf. al-Saʿdī).
لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُۥۖ وَبِذَٰلِكَ أُمِرۡتُ وَأَنَا۠ أَوَّلُ ٱلۡمُسۡلِمِينَ
قُلۡ أَغَيۡرَ ٱللَّهِ أَبۡغِي رَبّٗا وَهُوَ رَبُّ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖۚ وَلَا تَكۡسِبُ كُلُّ نَفۡسٍ إِلَّا عَلَيۡهَاۚ وَلَا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٞ وِزۡرَ أُخۡرَىٰۚ ثُمَّ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكُم مَّرۡجِعُكُمۡ فَيُنَبِّئُكُم بِمَا كُنتُمۡ فِيهِ تَخۡتَلِفُونَ
[1561] A person who earns evil is earning it against himself alone (cf. al-Ṭabarī, al-Wāḥidī, al-Wajīz): “Every soul is held in pledge for what it has earned” (74: 38).
[1562] “Say ˹Muhammad˺: “You will not be questioned concerning that of which we were guilty; nor will we be questioned concerning what you do. *Say: “Our Lord will gather us together; then He will decide between us with Truth; and He is the Arbiter, the Knower” (34: 25-26); “Then your ˹humans’˺ return will be to Me and I shall judge between you over that which you used to differ” (3: 55).
وَهُوَ ٱلَّذِي جَعَلَكُمۡ خَلَٰٓئِفَ ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَرَفَعَ بَعۡضَكُمۡ فَوۡقَ بَعۡضٖ دَرَجَٰتٖ لِّيَبۡلُوَكُمۡ فِي مَآ ءَاتَىٰكُمۡۗ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ سَرِيعُ ٱلۡعِقَابِ وَإِنَّهُۥ لَغَفُورٞ رَّحِيمُۢ
[1563] The God they defied is the One Who raised them to take the place of other people who preceded them, and empowered them to ‘succeed’ in His land (al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī).
[1564] People are of varying degrees with regards to God’s bounty on them: beauty, strength, character, wealth, intellectual ability, power, knowledge, etc. This is to see what they do with what they are endowed with (cf. Riḍā).
[1565] The One Who raised people in succession and endowed them with various bounties is All-Able to hold them accountable for their deeds.
God’s Signs of the creation of people and His providing their livelihoods for them, their coming in succession, generation after another, and the struggles of the Messengers with them, and their reckoning both in this worldly life and in the Hereafter are significant themes of the next sura, al-Aʿrāf.
