[472] Gardens, farms and thickets that are on elevated ground are more fertile than lower placed ones due to the fact that their rich soil mostly remains intact, not being depleted or swept away by running water or streams; such gardens are also more exposed to the wind which results in easier pollination and are much more exposed to the sun, the source of light. This is the analogy God draws of the charity of the sincere. No matter how much it is, it grows and prospers. (al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī)
[473] Here is a third parable demonstrating the three states of givers: the Deniers, the sincere Believers, and those who Believe, but who follow their charity by taunting and hurting the recipient’s feelings, thus rendering their charity ‘void’ (2: 246) (cf. Ibn ʿĀshūr). They give out in charity and gain tremendous reward for it but it gets hit by the devastating whirlwind of tormenting the needy and burns all down to dust. When it is time to reap the harvest of the wealth spent in ‘good’ deeds, a time when it is most needed, then that owner being too old and infirm and his dependents very young and helpless, just like this imaginary garden, will find it swept away overnight with nothing but sorrow left. On the Day of Judgement they come to their Lord having earned nothing for their charity (cf. al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī).
[474] The father’s dependents are in much need of this garden. However, being weak and helpless, they cannot restore it to its former glory, especially now that their father is old and infirm. Their state is a desperate one.
[475] Crops and minerals (gold, silver and the like). (al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī)
[476] Intimidates people with poverty if they spend their money in charity. (al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī)
[477] al-faḥshā’ signifies all bad and immoral deeds. Ibn al-Qayyim says: “Exegetes unanimously agree that al-faḥshā’ here means miserliness” (Ṭarīq al-Hijratayn, p. 375).
[478] Spending in the cause of God, seeing the rewards that are in store for those who engage in such charitable acts, is practical wisdom. (al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī)