Prijevod značenja časnog Kur'ana - Prijevod na engleski jezik: dr. Velid Blejheš Omeri. (još se radi na ovome)
قَالَ مَا مَنَعَكَ أَلَّا تَسۡجُدَ إِذۡ أَمَرۡتُكَۖ قَالَ أَنَا۠ خَيۡرٞ مِّنۡهُ خَلَقۡتَنِي مِن نَّارٖ وَخَلَقۡتَهُۥ مِن طِينٖ
[1582] Satan rebelled against the Command of his Lord out of sheer arrogance. Moreover, by doing this he questioned the Wisdom of God (cf. al-Shinqīṭī, al-ʿAdhb al-Namīr). He quoted the substance from which he was created, fire, in argument as to why he felt superior to Adam, who was created from clay, and thus refused to prostrate to him as per God’s order, further proving himself in the wrong. Prior to this command, to prostrate to Adam, God practically explained to the angels, among whom Iblīs was present, the Wisdom of this occurrence. Unlike Iblīs, they dutifully followed the word of their Lord: “˹Mention Muhammad˺ When your Lord said to the angels: “I shall instate a successor on Earth!” They said: “Will you instate in it one who sows corruption and sheds blood, whereas we ˹incessantly˺ glorify You in gratitude to You and exalt You?” He said: “I know that which you do not”. *He taught Adam all the names ˹of things˺, then showed them to the angels and said: “Tell Me the names of these, if only you were truthful!” *They said: “Glorified may You be! We have no knowledge but what You have taught us. You are All-Knowing, All-Wise”. *He said: “Adam! Tell them their names”. When he told them their names, He said: “Did I not instruct you that I know what is hidden in the Heavens and the Earth? – and I know what you hide and what you make public” (2: 30-33). How far apart is the response of the angels to that of Satan! His arrogance made him adamant in his stance and thus blinded him from seeking forgiveness from God (cf. al-Rāzī).
God Almighty, is the One Who created and provides for His creation, so His Wisdom should not be questioned and His Commands, which are binding in nature, should never be disobeyed (cf. al-Rāzī, Abū Ḥayyān, Khan, Fatḥ al-Bayān fī Maqāṣid al-Qur’ān).
قَالَ فَٱهۡبِطۡ مِنۡهَا فَمَا يَكُونُ لَكَ أَن تَتَكَبَّرَ فِيهَا فَٱخۡرُجۡ إِنَّكَ مِنَ ٱلصَّٰغِرِينَ
[1583] ʿAbdullāh Ibn Masʿūd (رضي الله عنه) narrated that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: “None who has a mote’s weight of arrogance in his heart shall enter Paradise” (Muslim: 91).
قَالَ أَنظِرۡنِيٓ إِلَىٰ يَوۡمِ يُبۡعَثُونَ
قَالَ إِنَّكَ مِنَ ٱلۡمُنظَرِينَ
قَالَ فَبِمَآ أَغۡوَيۡتَنِي لَأَقۡعُدَنَّ لَهُمۡ صِرَٰطَكَ ٱلۡمُسۡتَقِيمَ
[1584] By citing predestination (al-qadar), that God had already decreed him to be misguided, Satan sets the record for being the first to use al-qadar as a pretext for not following God’s command (al-‘amr) as an excuse to justify his rebelliousness against Him (سبحانه وتعالى) (cf. Ibn Taymiyyah, Majmūʿ al-Rasā’il wa al-Masā’il, 5: 134; Ibn al-Qayyim, Rawḍat al-Muḥibbīn, p. 62).
[1585] Sabrah Ibn Abī Fākih (i) narrated that he heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: “Satan sat at the roads of the son of Adam. He sat for him at the road of Islam and said to him: “Do you become Muslim and abandon your religion, the religion of your fathers and the forefathers of your fathers?” But he ˹the son of Adam˺ disobeyed him and became Muslim. Then he sat for him at the road of migrating and said to him: “Do you migrate and leave behind your land and your sky? Indeed the migrant is nothing but a ˹lonely˺ horse tied to a rope!” But he ˹the son of Adam˺ disobeyed him and migrated. Then he sat for him at the road of striving in the cause of Allah and said: “It is indeed hard for the soul and wealth; you fight and get killed then your wife will get married and your wealth divided!” But he ˹the son of Adam˺ disobeyed him and strove in the cause of Allah. Whoever of them does that and dies, then it is obligatorily that Allah will admit him into Paradise; if he gets killed then it is obligatorily that Allah will admit him into Paradise; if he drowns then it is obligatorily that Allah will admit him into Paradise; or if his neck gets broken because of an animal then it is obligatorily that Allah will admit him into Paradise” (al-Nasā’ī: 3134, Imām Aḥmad: 16000, Ibn Ḥibbān: 4593).
ثُمَّ لَأٓتِيَنَّهُم مِّنۢ بَيۡنِ أَيۡدِيهِمۡ وَمِنۡ خَلۡفِهِمۡ وَعَنۡ أَيۡمَٰنِهِمۡ وَعَن شَمَآئِلِهِمۡۖ وَلَا تَجِدُ أَكۡثَرَهُمۡ شَٰكِرِينَ
[1586] This shows how purposeful and determined Satan really is in his mission (Ibn al-Qayyim, Badā’iʿ al-Fawā’id, 1/120). Indeed, he came to be successful; when at the beginning he was just guessing (Ibn Kathīr): “Indeed, Iblīs’ assumption about them has come true, so they ˹all˺ followed him, except a group of ˹true˺ Believers. *He does not have any authority over them, but ˹Our Will is˺ only to distinguish those who Believe in the Hereafter from those who are in doubt about it. And your Lord is a ˹vigilant˺ Keeper over all things” (34: 20-21). Such a purposeful enemy should be guarded against with constant vigilance (cf. Ibn ʿĀshūr).
قَالَ ٱخۡرُجۡ مِنۡهَا مَذۡءُومٗا مَّدۡحُورٗاۖ لَّمَن تَبِعَكَ مِنۡهُمۡ لَأَمۡلَأَنَّ جَهَنَّمَ مِنكُمۡ أَجۡمَعِينَ
[1587] “He said: “Be gone from it! You are indeed outcast. *Truly on you is My Damnation until the Day of Judgement” (38: 77-78).
[1588] “He said: “Go, and whoever follows you from them. Hellfire shall be the reward of you all, a reward well-deserved. *And rouse whoever you can of them with your voice, and mobilize all your forces and men against them, and you may share with them in their money and children, and promise them.” But Satan promises them nothing but deceit. *As for My ˹true˺ servants, you will have no power over them. And your Lord suffices as a Trustee” (17: 63-65).
وَيَٰٓـَٔادَمُ ٱسۡكُنۡ أَنتَ وَزَوۡجُكَ ٱلۡجَنَّةَ فَكُلَا مِنۡ حَيۡثُ شِئۡتُمَا وَلَا تَقۡرَبَا هَٰذِهِ ٱلشَّجَرَةَ فَتَكُونَا مِنَ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ
[1589] Satan started acting on his mission right away and he made his first successful incursion. (Another slightly different account of this episode was dealt with in Sura al-Baqarah, Ayas 35-39. You may wish to refer to it for more details on the issue at hand.) The warning comes later (Aya 27 below) to the children of Adam to guard against Satan and not give him the chance to ‘weave his magic’ on them.
فَوَسۡوَسَ لَهُمَا ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنُ لِيُبۡدِيَ لَهُمَا مَا وُۥرِيَ عَنۡهُمَا مِن سَوۡءَٰتِهِمَا وَقَالَ مَا نَهَىٰكُمَا رَبُّكُمَا عَنۡ هَٰذِهِ ٱلشَّجَرَةِ إِلَّآ أَن تَكُونَا مَلَكَيۡنِ أَوۡ تَكُونَا مِنَ ٱلۡخَٰلِدِينَ
[1590] The particle li (translated here as “so that”) could grammatically be what is known as lām al-ṣayrūrah (the lām of destination). Hence the aya could be interpreted whereby Satan did not initially intend to show them their nether regions but to make them commit sin, and that the final result of this sinning was that they were exposed. Another grammatical rationalization of the lām is taʿlīl (justification), i.e. that he intended to lower their state through nakedness (cf. al-Wāḥidī, al-Wasīṭ, Ibn ʿAṭiyyah, al-Rāzī, Ibn ʿĀshūr). The significance of guarding against nakedness and its symbolic nature will be taken up shortly.
[1591] “Then Satan whispered to him, saying: “Adam! Shall I show you the Tree of Immortality and a kingship that does not fade away?” (20: 120).
وَقَاسَمَهُمَآ إِنِّي لَكُمَا لَمِنَ ٱلنَّٰصِحِينَ
فَدَلَّىٰهُمَا بِغُرُورٖۚ فَلَمَّا ذَاقَا ٱلشَّجَرَةَ بَدَتۡ لَهُمَا سَوۡءَٰتُهُمَا وَطَفِقَا يَخۡصِفَانِ عَلَيۡهِمَا مِن وَرَقِ ٱلۡجَنَّةِۖ وَنَادَىٰهُمَا رَبُّهُمَآ أَلَمۡ أَنۡهَكُمَا عَن تِلۡكُمَا ٱلشَّجَرَةِ وَأَقُل لَّكُمَآ إِنَّ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنَ لَكُمَا عَدُوّٞ مُّبِينٞ
[1592] Dallāhumā means that he tricked them as well as he lowered them, just like a bucket is lowered into a well to draw water (cf. al-Ṭabarī, al-Qurṭubī, Ibn Kathīr). Indeed he tricked them, made them ‘dip’ into sin, and lowered their status.
