क़ुरआन के अर्थों का अनुवाद - अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद - डॉ. वलीद ब्लेहिश उमरी - काम जारी है।
لَن تَنَالُواْ ٱلۡبِرَّ حَتَّىٰ تُنفِقُواْ مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَۚ وَمَا تُنفِقُواْ مِن شَيۡءٖ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِهِۦ عَلِيمٞ
[643] al-Birr is sincere piety which leads to great bounty, God’s Grace and Paradise. Ibn Masʿūd (رضي الله عنه) narrated that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: “Adhere to Truthfulness ˹aṣ-ṣidq˺ for it leads to sincere piety ˹al-birr˺, and sincere piety leads to Paradise”. (al-Bukhārī: 6094, Muslim: 2607) al-Tafsīr al-Muyassar, based on the opinion of the great Qur’an exegetes – Ibn Masʿūd, Ibn ʿAbbās, ʿAṭā’, Mujāhid, ʿAmr Ibn Maymūn and As-Suddī – actually has it that al-birr is Paradise itself in this instance. al-Qurṭubī says that rationalization of this opinion is such that it means: “You will not attain the reward of sincere piety until…”. By contrast to the fate of the Deniers whose good deeds in this world, whatever these might be, will be of no avail to them, Believers are encouraged to choose for spending the best of theirs in order to be admitted into God’s great Grace of Paradise. Sincere piety and its reward, Paradise, is only attained when one prevails over one’s self, loves God more than anything else and is willing to sacrifice everything in His cause.
۞ كُلُّ ٱلطَّعَامِ كَانَ حِلّٗا لِّبَنِيٓ إِسۡرَٰٓءِيلَ إِلَّا مَا حَرَّمَ إِسۡرَٰٓءِيلُ عَلَىٰ نَفۡسِهِۦ مِن قَبۡلِ أَن تُنَزَّلَ ٱلتَّوۡرَىٰةُۚ قُلۡ فَأۡتُواْ بِٱلتَّوۡرَىٰةِ فَٱتۡلُوهَآ إِن كُنتُمۡ صَٰدِقِينَ
[644] After establishing Islam as the religion to be followed, the argument with the People of the Book continues here. Ibn ʿAbbās (رضي الله عنهما) narrated that: “A group of Jews came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said to him: “Abū al-Qāsim, tell us about a few things none but a real Prophet knows about”. Among the questions they asked was: “What food did Israel make unlawful for himself before the Torah was revealed?” He replied: “I ask you by Allah Who sent down the Torah to Moses, do you not know that Israel became very ill and his illness dragged on for a long time then he vowed that he would make unlawful for himself the drink and food he loved most should Allah cure him? The best food for him was camel meat and the drink he loved most was camel milk”. They said: “By Allah you are correct!”” (Aḥmad: 2471; al-Ṭabarānī, al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr: 13012)
[645] Saʿdī comments: “This is in answer to the Jews who claimed that abrogation is not lawful. They Denied the Messengership of Jesus and Muhammad (ﷺ) on this basis because they came with laws and doctrines different from those found in the Torah. So it is only fair to use their own Scripture in argument against them; this whereby the ruling that all types of food were lawful for the Children of Israel except what he made unlawful to himself and to which his children followed suit, that is before the Torah was sent down to Moses. But when the Torah was sent down, it made unlawful to them other types of food besides those made unlawful earlier by Israel. ˹Thus the ruling that all food was lawful to them was abrogated by the Torah itself.˺ Then Allah commanded his Messenger (ﷺ) to ask them to bring the Torah and recite it if they persisted in denying”. (Cf. also al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, Ibn al-Qayyim, Ighāthat al-Lahfān, 2:321) In his translation of this aya Muhammad Asad has the following annotation: “This is a reference to the unwarranted Jewish belief that the Mosaic food restrictions were an eternal law decreed by God. As against this claim, the Qur’an stresses that no food restrictions had been imposed before the time of Moses and, secondly, that the restrictions arising from the Mosaic Law were imposed on the Children of Israel alone. To claim that they represent an eternal divine law is described here as “inventing lies about God””. This is further proof to the Children of Israel that Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ), who utters nothing out of desire and is inspired by God Himself, was Truthful and confirmed what was in their Book. So the onus of Believing in him lies on them as he was also at the end of the road that their forefather, Abraham (cf. 2: 133), whom they claim as their own and profess to follow his doctrine, had lain down.
فَمَنِ ٱفۡتَرَىٰ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ ٱلۡكَذِبَ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ ذَٰلِكَ فَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلظَّٰلِمُونَ
قُلۡ صَدَقَ ٱللَّهُۗ فَٱتَّبِعُواْ مِلَّةَ إِبۡرَٰهِيمَ حَنِيفٗاۖ وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ ٱلۡمُشۡرِكِينَ
[646] The creed of Ibrāhīm, millata Ibrāhīm, is the most primordial precursor to Islam, the religion with which Muhammad (ﷺ) was sent. The Qur’an states this in various places: 2: 35, 4: 125, 6: 161 and 16: 123.
[647] Ḥanīf is a pristine Believer. The basic semantic meaning of the root ḥ-n-f is inclination towards uprightness and eschewing crookedness.
إِنَّ أَوَّلَ بَيۡتٖ وُضِعَ لِلنَّاسِ لَلَّذِي بِبَكَّةَ مُبَارَكٗا وَهُدٗى لِّلۡعَٰلَمِينَ
[648] Allusion here is made to the Jews’ objection to the change in the direction of Prayer from Jerusalem to Makkah (cf. 2: 142). Muhammad Asad has this footnote: “The mention, in this context, of the Temple in Mecca - that is, the Kaʿbah - arises from the fact that it is the direction of prayer (qiblah) stipulated in the Qur’an. Since the prototype of the Kaʿbah was built by Abraham and Ishmael (see 2:125 ff.) - and is, therefore, much older than the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem - its establishment as the qiblah of the followers of the Qur’an does not only not imply any break with the Abrahamic tradition (on which, ultimately, the whole Bible rests), but, on the contrary, re-establishes direct contact with that Patriarch”.
[649] Another name of Makkah. Arab lexicographers rationalized this naming relying on the rules of the Arabic language (cf. among others al-Farāhīdī’s al-ʿAyn, al-Azharī’s Tahdhīb al-Lughah, Ibn Fāris’s Maqāyīs al-Lughah). Archaeologists have it that it is an ancient name for Makkah (Barbara Ann Kipfer (2000) Encyclopaedic dictionary of archaeology. Springer, p. 342). Unlike in 48:24 where the then, and still, current name of the city, Makkah, was used, the ancient name of the city, Bakkah, is, in a sense, used here to drive home the message of the antiquity of the House and by extension the Islamic Monotheistic Message itself, which takes after the Abrahamic creed in its pristine state.
[650] Of this, is that people direct themselves towards it in Prayer and head for it for ʿumrah and Hajj. (al-Ṭabarī, al-Wāḥidī, Ibn Kathīr)
فِيهِ ءَايَٰتُۢ بَيِّنَٰتٞ مَّقَامُ إِبۡرَٰهِيمَۖ وَمَن دَخَلَهُۥ كَانَ ءَامِنٗاۗ وَلِلَّهِ عَلَى ٱلنَّاسِ حِجُّ ٱلۡبَيۡتِ مَنِ ٱسۡتَطَاعَ إِلَيۡهِ سَبِيلٗاۚ وَمَن كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ عَنِ ٱلۡعَٰلَمِينَ
[651] Maqām Ibrāhīm is the stone on which Abraham (عليه السلام) stood while building the Kaʿbah. It is an everlasting Sign and evidence to all people of the relationship of Islam to Abraham’s creed.
[652] Cf. 29: 67, 106: 3-4. Ibn ʿAbbās (رضي الله عنهما) narrated that on the day of the liberation of Makkah the Prophet (ﷺ) declared: “This town was sanctified by Allah when He created the Heavens and Earth and for this it is sanctified until the Day of Judgement. It was not ever allowed for anyone before me to fight in it. Fighting ˹in it˺ was only allowed for me for part of a day. ˹I repeat˺ It is sanctified for its sanctification by Allah until the Day of Judgement. Its thorn ˹branches˺ shall not be torn down ˹for fodder˺, its game ˹/prey˺ shall not be scared off, lost belongings in it should not be forfeited unless announced and its saplings shall not be cut down”. (al-Bukhārī: 1834, Muslim: 3189) These minor acts are categorically stated as forbidden, what then to say of something as grave as harming a human soul in the Sanctuary.
[653] That Hajj is obligatory.
قُلۡ يَٰٓأَهۡلَ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ لِمَ تَكۡفُرُونَ بِـَٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ وَٱللَّهُ شَهِيدٌ عَلَىٰ مَا تَعۡمَلُونَ
قُلۡ يَٰٓأَهۡلَ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ لِمَ تَصُدُّونَ عَن سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ مَنۡ ءَامَنَ تَبۡغُونَهَا عِوَجٗا وَأَنتُمۡ شُهَدَآءُۗ وَمَا ٱللَّهُ بِغَٰفِلٍ عَمَّا تَعۡمَلُونَ
[654] Cf. 3: 72.
[655] They are chastised for cooking up schemes to deviate people from the Straight Path while being fully aware and secretly bearing witness to the Truth which is mentioned in their Books. (al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī)
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ إِن تُطِيعُواْ فَرِيقٗا مِّنَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ يَرُدُّوكُم بَعۡدَ إِيمَٰنِكُمۡ كَٰفِرِينَ
