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119 : 6

وَمَا لَكُمۡ أَلَّا تَأۡكُلُواْ مِمَّا ذُكِرَ ٱسۡمُ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيۡهِ وَقَدۡ فَصَّلَ لَكُم مَّا حَرَّمَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ إِلَّا مَا ٱضۡطُرِرۡتُمۡ إِلَيۡهِۗ وَإِنَّ كَثِيرٗا لَّيُضِلُّونَ بِأَهۡوَآئِهِم بِغَيۡرِ عِلۡمٍۚ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ أَعۡلَمُ بِٱلۡمُعۡتَدِينَ

(119) Why would you not eat from what Allah’s Name was mentioned on when He detailed to you what He made unlawful for you, excepting what you are forced to^[1474]; indeed many misguide with their vain desires out of ignorance—indeed your Lord knows best the transgressors^[1475].

[1474] Believers are given license here only when they are hard pressed into it by necessity: “Indeed He made unlawful for you carrion, blood, swine flesh, and what was intended ˹as sacrifice˺ for others besides Allah; ˹yet˺ whoever is forced ˹by necessity˺ – neither transgressing nor going to excess – he is not guilty of sin—certainly Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful” (2: 173).
[1475] God is only too aware of those who violate the rules and overstep the boundaries set by Him. (al-Ṭabarī, al-Wāḥidī, al-Wajīz, Ibn Kathīr, Ibn ʿĀshūr, al-Saʿdī)

120 : 6

وَذَرُواْ ظَٰهِرَ ٱلۡإِثۡمِ وَبَاطِنَهُۥٓۚ إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يَكۡسِبُونَ ٱلۡإِثۡمَ سَيُجۡزَوۡنَ بِمَا كَانُواْ يَقۡتَرِفُونَ

(120) Abandon ˹you all˺ sin, secret and open; indeed those who earn sin will be requited for what they used to ˹insistently˺ perpetrate.

121 : 6

وَلَا تَأۡكُلُواْ مِمَّا لَمۡ يُذۡكَرِ ٱسۡمُ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيۡهِ وَإِنَّهُۥ لَفِسۡقٞۗ وَإِنَّ ٱلشَّيَٰطِينَ لَيُوحُونَ إِلَىٰٓ أَوۡلِيَآئِهِمۡ لِيُجَٰدِلُوكُمۡۖ وَإِنۡ أَطَعۡتُمُوهُمۡ إِنَّكُمۡ لَمُشۡرِكُونَ

(121) Do not eat from what Allah’s Name was not mentioned on; that is surely a serious contravention^[1476]. Indeed the devils inspire their allies so that they may argue with you ˹Believers˺, but if you obey them then you are ˹among the˺ Associators^[1477].

[1476] Fisq is serious infringement of the laws of God. The word is derived from the imagery of a palm date coming out of its protective covering (cf. Ibn Qutaybah, Gharīb al-Qur’ān, al-Iṣfahānī, al-Mufradāt). Rebelling against God’s ordained laws exposes one as much as an uncovered palm date is exposed to the elements.
[1477] Associators (mushrikūn) set themselves up as equal to God. They forbid what He made lawful and allow what He forbade (cf. al-Shirbīnī, al-Shinqīṭī, Aḍwā’ al-Bayān). Contravening God’s laws comes under Associating others with Him (cf. al-Rāzī).

122 : 6

أَوَمَن كَانَ مَيۡتٗا فَأَحۡيَيۡنَٰهُ وَجَعَلۡنَا لَهُۥ نُورٗا يَمۡشِي بِهِۦ فِي ٱلنَّاسِ كَمَن مَّثَلُهُۥ فِي ٱلظُّلُمَٰتِ لَيۡسَ بِخَارِجٖ مِّنۡهَاۚ كَذَٰلِكَ زُيِّنَ لِلۡكَٰفِرِينَ مَا كَانُواْ يَعۡمَلُونَ

(122) Is the one who was dead^[1478] and We caused him to come alive and bestowed upon him a light to walk in^[1479] among people be like the one who is plunged in complete darkness; there is no way for him to emerge out of which? Thus what they used to do was prettified for the Deniers.

[1478] The Deniers who are languishing in ignorance and dwelling in a bottomless pit of darkness are as good as dead, bereft of the light of guidance, which is equal to life itself (cf. al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī): “Or like darkness upon an abysmal sea: one wave covers up another wave, over which there ˹hang˺ clouds; layers of darkness, one above the other! When he stretches out his hand, he can scarcely see it. Anyone whom Allah does not grant light to will have no light!” (24: 40).
[1479] Yamshī bihi could be translated as ‘walk in’ or ‘walk with’. A Believer who has light is guided in himself and is guiding to other people. So he walks ‘in’ this light and walks ‘with’ it, lighting with it the paths of other people (Abū Ḥayyān).

123 : 6

وَكَذَٰلِكَ جَعَلۡنَا فِي كُلِّ قَرۡيَةٍ أَكَٰبِرَ مُجۡرِمِيهَا لِيَمۡكُرُواْ فِيهَاۖ وَمَا يَمۡكُرُونَ إِلَّا بِأَنفُسِهِمۡ وَمَا يَشۡعُرُونَ

(123) Like so^[1480] We made into each town its chief criminals so that they may spread ˹conniving˺ plots in it; they only weave plots against themselves but they are not aware of it.

[1480] The instigators of such wiles and cunning criminalities were the notables of Makkah, who had most interest in keeping the status quo, which the Message came to unpend. Ibn Kathīr opines that this fact is mentioned here by way of comforting the Prophet (ﷺ), a sub-text which runs throughout this sura. That the Prophet is opposed by the notables of his town is nothing new, ‘like so’ all towns were made to fall into the grips of such ‘criminals’ whose doing is nothing more than weaving stratagems and conniving: “Like so We have made for every Prophet an enemy among the criminals. But your Lord is sufficient as a Guide and Helper” (25: 31).

124 : 6

وَإِذَا جَآءَتۡهُمۡ ءَايَةٞ قَالُواْ لَن نُّؤۡمِنَ حَتَّىٰ نُؤۡتَىٰ مِثۡلَ مَآ أُوتِيَ رُسُلُ ٱللَّهِۘ ٱللَّهُ أَعۡلَمُ حَيۡثُ يَجۡعَلُ رِسَالَتَهُۥۗ سَيُصِيبُ ٱلَّذِينَ أَجۡرَمُواْ صَغَارٌ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ وَعَذَابٞ شَدِيدُۢ بِمَا كَانُواْ يَمۡكُرُونَ

(124) When a Sign comes to them, they ˹readily˺ say: “We will not Believe unless we are given the like of which the Messengers of Allah^[1481] were given”. Allah knows best where He places His Message; the crime perpetrators will be seized by debasement in front of Allah and ˹for them is˺ a severe Punishment for their plot weaving.^[1482]

[1481] They did not say: “The Messenger of Allah”, because they wanted to vent their covetous wish without acknowledging his Messengership (cf. Ibn ʿĀshūr): “Nay but each one of them demands that a Scripture be sent down to him, unrolled ˹before his very eyes ˺” (74: 52). They could also have said this derogatorily (cf. Ibn ʿĀshūr), seeing him as unworthy of the Message: “And they said: “Why was this Qur’ān not sent down to a distinguished man, from either of the two towns ˹Makkah and Taif ˺?”” (43: 31).
[1482] Their truth and fate in the Hereafter are told graphically in the following ayas: “Those who waxed arrogant will say to those who had been weak and oppressed: “Did we turn you away from guidance after it had come unto you? Nay! But you were ˹equally˺ criminals. *Those who had been weak and oppressed will say to those who waxed arrogant: “Nay! But there was plotting by night and day when you ordered us to Deny Allah, and to set up equals to Him”. And they will hide their remorse when they see the Punishment, and We put shackles to the necks of those who Deny. Will they be requited for nothing but what they used to do? *And We sent no warner to a town, but that those living in luxury therein said: “We do not believe in that where with you have been sent. *And they say: “We are greater in wealth and children, and we shall not be Punished” (34: 32-35).