Ý nghĩa nội dung Chương Al-Nisa' - 英语翻译 - 沃立德·布莱什·奥马里博士 - 正在进行 - Số trang 82 - Bách khoa Toàn thư về Kinh Qur'an

24 : 4

۞ وَٱلۡمُحۡصَنَٰتُ مِنَ ٱلنِّسَآءِ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتۡ أَيۡمَٰنُكُمۡۖ كِتَٰبَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيۡكُمۡۚ وَأُحِلَّ لَكُم مَّا وَرَآءَ ذَٰلِكُمۡ أَن تَبۡتَغُواْ بِأَمۡوَٰلِكُم مُّحۡصِنِينَ غَيۡرَ مُسَٰفِحِينَۚ فَمَا ٱسۡتَمۡتَعۡتُم بِهِۦ مِنۡهُنَّ فَـَٔاتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةٗۚ وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ فِيمَا تَرَٰضَيۡتُم بِهِۦ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ ٱلۡفَرِيضَةِۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمٗا

(24) ˹It is unlawful for you also to marry˺ Married women, save those whom your right hands possess^[828]; this is the ordainment of Allah for you ˹so defy it not˺. Yet it is lawful for you ˹to marry˺ all besides these given that you should desire chastity^[829] with your money not licentiousness. Whoever of these ˹women˺ you enjoy, then give them their ˹bridal˺ dues as an obligation. You will not be sinning should you mutually agree to what is ˹to be offered˺ after ˹fulfilling˺ this obligation^[830]—verily Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.

[828] These are female captives of war. It has to be made sure, however, that those of them who had husbands are not pregnant before marriage is consummated. (Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī)
[829] To shelter and save yourselves and your wives from falling into lewdness. (al-Ṭabarī, al-Wāḥidī, al-Saʿdī)
[830] The husband and wife can agree between themselves to increase the dowry, decrease it, waive it altogether or postpone it; that is after the woman’s due has been fully acknowledged and committed to. (al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī)

25 : 4

وَمَن لَّمۡ يَسۡتَطِعۡ مِنكُمۡ طَوۡلًا أَن يَنكِحَ ٱلۡمُحۡصَنَٰتِ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنَٰتِ فَمِن مَّا مَلَكَتۡ أَيۡمَٰنُكُم مِّن فَتَيَٰتِكُمُ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنَٰتِۚ وَٱللَّهُ أَعۡلَمُ بِإِيمَٰنِكُمۚ بَعۡضُكُم مِّنۢ بَعۡضٖۚ فَٱنكِحُوهُنَّ بِإِذۡنِ أَهۡلِهِنَّ وَءَاتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِ مُحۡصَنَٰتٍ غَيۡرَ مُسَٰفِحَٰتٖ وَلَا مُتَّخِذَٰتِ أَخۡدَانٖۚ فَإِذَآ أُحۡصِنَّ فَإِنۡ أَتَيۡنَ بِفَٰحِشَةٖ فَعَلَيۡهِنَّ نِصۡفُ مَا عَلَى ٱلۡمُحۡصَنَٰتِ مِنَ ٱلۡعَذَابِۚ ذَٰلِكَ لِمَنۡ خَشِيَ ٱلۡعَنَتَ مِنكُمۡۚ وَأَن تَصۡبِرُواْ خَيۡرٞ لَّكُمۡۗ وَٱللَّهُ غَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ

(25) Whoever of you has not the means to marry free Believing women, then ˹let him take a wife˺ from among what you own of your Believing maids^[831]; Allah knows best ˹the state of ˺ your Belief, you are each other’s other part. Wed them then with the permission of their folk and give them their dues as per what is socially-agreed; ˹marry those of whom who seek˺ joining ˹together˺ under ˹holy˺ matrimony not ˹those of whom˺ seeking open love or secret lovers. But if they marry and commit a vice^[832], then their punishment is half of that of free married women. This ˹marriage permission˺ is for those who fear distress^[833] from among you, but if you forbear it is better for you^[834]— Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful.

[831] Such a man, who has no financial means to marry a free Believing woman, is allowed to marry a slave Believing woman should he fear distress from restraining his bodily needs. Given this allowance, he need not feel qualms about this union on the basis of the reality of the woman’s true Belief, which God only knows about, or her social standing because all people are born equal, being the descendants of the same parents, and whereby Believers are Muslim brothers and sisters. This marriage is also solidified by basing it on vows of chastity, handing over the woman’s dues to her, her knowledge that she should remain faithful on pain of punishment, and that their marriage is declared and approved of by her owner.
[832] Commit adultery.
[833] al-ʿAnat is extreme hardship and distress due to restraining one’s self from fulfilling sexual needs.
[834] Although such a hard pressed man is allowed to marry a slave Believing woman, it is better for him to control his urges and forbear, because such a scenario could lead to his children being enslaved by the mother’s owner, or even she being sold off, which would lead to greater distress and heartbreak (cf. Ibn ʿĀshūr).

26 : 4

يُرِيدُ ٱللَّهُ لِيُبَيِّنَ لَكُمۡ وَيَهۡدِيَكُمۡ سُنَنَ ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبۡلِكُمۡ وَيَتُوبَ عَلَيۡكُمۡۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٞ

(26) ˹By this^[835]˺ Allah wants to explain to you, guide you to the laws^[836] of those who came before you and redeem you—Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.

[835] The detailing of these rules and prohibitions.
[836] Sunan (sing. sunnah) are the laws, course and the followed path (cf. al-Iṣfahānī, al-Mufradāt; al-Kafawī, al-Kulliyāt). “The laws of those who came before you,” is the most laudable course that earlier honouarble Prophets of God (عليهم السلام) and their rightly-guided followers took in life (cf. 42: 13; al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī).