クルアーンの対訳 - 英語対訳 - Dr. Waleed Bleyhesh Omary - 作業中
وَمَآ أَنفَقۡتُم مِّن نَّفَقَةٍ أَوۡ نَذَرۡتُم مِّن نَّذۡرٖ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَعۡلَمُهُۥۗ وَمَا لِلظَّٰلِمِينَ مِنۡ أَنصَارٍ
[479] Nadhr is vowing to make obligatory for oneself that which is not, usually in return for a Godly favour. For example, by feeding a number of destitutes at the time of one’s marriage.
[480] Those who withhold from giving out what is due, fulfilling their vows, or whose spending and vows are in contradiction to what pleases God, will not be spared His Punishment. (al-Ṭabarī, al-Qurṭubī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī)
إِن تُبۡدُواْ ٱلصَّدَقَٰتِ فَنِعِمَّا هِيَۖ وَإِن تُخۡفُوهَا وَتُؤۡتُوهَا ٱلۡفُقَرَآءَ فَهُوَ خَيۡرٞ لَّكُمۡۚ وَيُكَفِّرُ عَنكُم مِّن سَيِّـَٔاتِكُمۡۗ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ خَبِيرٞ
[481] Observing secrecy while giving out voluntary, non-prescribed charity, in particular (al-Ṭabarī, al-Wāḥidī, Ibn ʿAṭiyyah), to the poor is better than making it public because it ensures the recipient’s dignity is maintained and is closer to sincerity on the part of the giver (cf. al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī). Among the seven categories of people who will be sheltered under the Shade of God’s Throne, on the Day of Judgement, when there will be no other shade except it, is: “… a man who gives out a charity making it secret, so much so that his left hand would not know how much ˹or what˺ his right hand spent”. (al-Bukhārī: 1423, Muslim: 1031)
۞ لَّيۡسَ عَلَيۡكَ هُدَىٰهُمۡ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَهۡدِي مَن يَشَآءُۗ وَمَا تُنفِقُواْ مِنۡ خَيۡرٖ فَلِأَنفُسِكُمۡۚ وَمَا تُنفِقُونَ إِلَّا ٱبۡتِغَآءَ وَجۡهِ ٱللَّهِۚ وَمَا تُنفِقُواْ مِنۡ خَيۡرٖ يُوَفَّ إِلَيۡكُمۡ وَأَنتُمۡ لَا تُظۡلَمُونَ
[482] Ibn ʿAbbās (رضي الله عنهما) explains this aya as follows: “He ˹The Prophet (ﷺ)˺ used to command us not to give out charity except to Muslims until this aya was revealed. After it, he commanded us to give charity to whoever asks for it, no matter what religion they follow” (Ibn Abū Ḥātim). He further explains that the reason behind this aya’s revelation was that Muslims were of two minds about giving out charity to their Denying relatives and when they asked the Prophet (ﷺ), he gave them permission and this aya was revealed (al-Bazzār: 5042, al-Ṭabarānī: 12403, al-Wādiʿī, al-Ṣaḥīḥ al-Musnad: 630). Asmā’ bint Abū Bakr (i) was visited by her Denying mother, during a truce with the Quraysh. She sought the Prophet’s permission to give charity to her mother and he allowed her (al-Bukhārī: 5979, Muslim: 1003). Abū Hurayrah (رضي الله عنه) narrated that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: “A man said: “I shall give out a charity this night!” He went out with it and put it in the hand of a prostitute. When the morning came people started talking ˹wondrously˺ saying: “A charity was given to a prostitute!” The man said: “Thank you God, a prostitute! I shall give out a charity!” He went out with it and put it in the hand of a rich man. When the morning came people started talking ˹wondrously˺ saying: “A charity was given to a rich man!” The man said: “Thank you God, a rich man! I shall give out a charity!” He went out with it and put it in the hand of a burglar. When the morning came people started talking ˹wondrously˺ saying: “A charity was given to a burglar!” The man said: “Thank you God, a prostitute, a rich man and a burglar!” Then he was approached and it was said to him: “As for your charity, it has been accepted; the prostitute might use it to give up her profession, the rich man might reflect and take to giving out of his wealth and the burglar might give up his thieving”. (Muslim: 1022). The morality behind the aya is such as to encourage Believers to spend in charity sincerely and in good faith, seeking only God’s pleasure no matter who the recipient of that charity is.
[483] The Prophet’s mission was to guide people to the right path of God. Guidance here does not denote that of directing people to or showing them the right path (hidāyat al-irshād), but rather that of making them actually follow that path (hidāyat al-tawfīq). This kind of guidance is left to God alone. (Cf. al-Ṭabarī, al-Wāḥidī, al-Saʿdī)
[484] You are the ones who will actually benefit from it, first and foremost, should you be truly sincere and seek only God’s Pleasure, aiming to enter Paradise to actually see God’s Most Beautiful Face, which is the greatest Bounty ever. (al-Wāḥidī, Ibn ʿAṭiyyah, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī)
[485] Neither cheated nor defrauded and you will be rewarded for it precisely. (al-Wāḥidī, Ibn ʿAṭiyyah, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī)
لِلۡفُقَرَآءِ ٱلَّذِينَ أُحۡصِرُواْ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ لَا يَسۡتَطِيعُونَ ضَرۡبٗا فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ يَحۡسَبُهُمُ ٱلۡجَاهِلُ أَغۡنِيَآءَ مِنَ ٱلتَّعَفُّفِ تَعۡرِفُهُم بِسِيمَٰهُمۡ لَا يَسۡـَٔلُونَ ٱلنَّاسَ إِلۡحَافٗاۗ وَمَا تُنفِقُواْ مِنۡ خَيۡرٖ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِهِۦ عَلِيمٌ
[486] Although honest charity can be given to anyone, the most deserving of it are Believers who are poor as a result of their having dedicated themselves to the worship of God and, as a result, are held back from earning their livelihoods (al-Rāzī, al-Biqāʿī, Naẓm al-Durar). Some great exegetes are of the opinion that these are the ones who are caught up fighting in the cause of God and, thus, cannot be left to engage in other worldly matters (al-Ṭabarī, Ibn al-Qayyim, Ṭarīq al-Hijratayn, p. 377, al-Saʿdī).
[487] Holding back from begging.
ٱلَّذِينَ يُنفِقُونَ أَمۡوَٰلَهُم بِٱلَّيۡلِ وَٱلنَّهَارِ سِرّٗا وَعَلَانِيَةٗ فَلَهُمۡ أَجۡرُهُمۡ عِندَ رَبِّهِمۡ وَلَا خَوۡفٌ عَلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا هُمۡ يَحۡزَنُونَ
[488] They will be saved from trepidation of the future and sorrow over the past, i.e. they will attain what they desire and be spared from what they apprehend. (Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī)
