対訳 章 トルバカラ - 英語対訳 - Dr. Waleed Bleyhesh Omary - 作業中 - ページ番号 27 - クルアーン百科事典

177 : 2

۞ لَّيۡسَ ٱلۡبِرَّ أَن تُوَلُّواْ وُجُوهَكُمۡ قِبَلَ ٱلۡمَشۡرِقِ وَٱلۡمَغۡرِبِ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱلۡبِرَّ مَنۡ ءَامَنَ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡيَوۡمِ ٱلۡأٓخِرِ وَٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةِ وَٱلۡكِتَٰبِ وَٱلنَّبِيِّـۧنَ وَءَاتَى ٱلۡمَالَ عَلَىٰ حُبِّهِۦ ذَوِي ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَٱلۡيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلۡمَسَٰكِينَ وَٱبۡنَ ٱلسَّبِيلِ وَٱلسَّآئِلِينَ وَفِي ٱلرِّقَابِ وَأَقَامَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَءَاتَى ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ وَٱلۡمُوفُونَ بِعَهۡدِهِمۡ إِذَا عَٰهَدُواْۖ وَٱلصَّٰبِرِينَ فِي ٱلۡبَأۡسَآءِ وَٱلضَّرَّآءِ وَحِينَ ٱلۡبَأۡسِۗ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ ٱلَّذِينَ صَدَقُواْۖ وَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلۡمُتَّقُونَ

(177) It is not sincere piety^[277] that you should turn your faces towards the East and the West, but sincere piety ˹is attained by˺ he who: Believes in Allah, the Last Day^[278], the angels, the Book and the Prophets; gives away money – dear to one’s heart – to kinfolk, orphans, the destitute, the stranded^[279], beggars, and by way of ˹freeing˺ necks^[280]; keeps up the Prayer and gives out the prescribed alms^[281]; those who fulfil the pledges they make, persevere in times of hardship and vicissitude, and during toughness^[282]; these are the ones who are truthful, these are the ones who are truly Mindful.

[277] The comparison here is made between nominal piety which is shallow and superficial as opposed to sincere, heart-earned piety which is deep and life defining. Here, God gives examples of what constitutes sincere piety (birr) in His Eye, prominent among which are acts of the heart; these are a truer translation of the Belief that resides in the heart. Aya 177 also comes as a prelude paving the way to the laws (Divine prescriptions for the Believing community) that are introduced in Ayas 178-209: retribution, distribution of inheritance, fasting, fighting, fair financial dealings and Hajj. All these laws are hard for people whose piety is not genuine but rather feigned. For those who have entered into the sphere of Faith wholly and wholeheartedly (Aya 209), however, this is not so.
[278] That comes after Resurrection.
[279] The Qur’an uses the expression ‘the son of the road’ (ibn al-sabīl), for those who are left without means whilst travelling, being away from home, and those who can extend a helping hand in such times of need.
[280] Manumitting slaves from bondage and/or ransoming those to be executed for unintentional manslaughter by donating blood money.
[281] That is Zakah.
[282] The meaning of al-ba’sā’ is not specified in this aya and can be varyingly translated according to the stand the translator takes. al-Shinqīṭī gives reference to Aya 33:18, and opines here that it means heated or ardent fighting in battle (cf. also al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī).

178 : 2

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ كُتِبَ عَلَيۡكُمُ ٱلۡقِصَاصُ فِي ٱلۡقَتۡلَىۖ ٱلۡحُرُّ بِٱلۡحُرِّ وَٱلۡعَبۡدُ بِٱلۡعَبۡدِ وَٱلۡأُنثَىٰ بِٱلۡأُنثَىٰۚ فَمَنۡ عُفِيَ لَهُۥ مِنۡ أَخِيهِ شَيۡءٞ فَٱتِّبَاعُۢ بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِ وَأَدَآءٌ إِلَيۡهِ بِإِحۡسَٰنٖۗ ذَٰلِكَ تَخۡفِيفٞ مِّن رَّبِّكُمۡ وَرَحۡمَةٞۗ فَمَنِ ٱعۡتَدَىٰ بَعۡدَ ذَٰلِكَ فَلَهُۥ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٞ

(178) O Believers, retribution^[283] for the murdered is prescribed for you: the free for the free, the slave for the slave, and the female for the female. Whoever is pardoned by a brother^[284] ˹of the dead˺, let it^[285] be sought with lenience, and given courteously. This is an alleviation and mercy from your Lord; whoever aggresses^[286] after this ˹settlement˺ will have a painful Punishment.

[283] Qiṣāṣ, translated here as retribution, is exacting justice on one who commits a crime in a manner equal to the crime committed. In the Qur’an it is associated with either murder or causing bodily harm. The person who commits such a crime is punished in like manner: killing or injury and, thus, an eye for an eye.
[284] The living relative who takes charge of the victim’s affairs. Usually the brother.
[285] Blood money. (al-Ṭabarī, Ibn ʿAṭiyyah, al-Saʿdī)
[286] By harming the murderer.

179 : 2

وَلَكُمۡ فِي ٱلۡقِصَاصِ حَيَوٰةٞ يَٰٓأُوْلِي ٱلۡأَلۡبَٰبِ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَتَّقُونَ

(179) Verily there is a life^[287] for you in retribution, you people of reason, so that you may be Mindful.

[287] This exacting of due justice on murderers works as a deterrent and guarantees the whole society a peaceful and equitable way of existence.

180 : 2

كُتِبَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ ٱلۡمَوۡتُ إِن تَرَكَ خَيۡرًا ٱلۡوَصِيَّةُ لِلۡوَٰلِدَيۡنِ وَٱلۡأَقۡرَبِينَ بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِۖ حَقًّا عَلَى ٱلۡمُتَّقِينَ

(180) It is prescribed for you that when death approaches one of you, and that he would leave behind a good wealth, he should bequeath of it to his parents and relatives equitably^[288]. This is an obligation on the Mindful.

[288] The distribution of inheritance should be fair and even.

181 : 2

فَمَنۢ بَدَّلَهُۥ بَعۡدَ مَا سَمِعَهُۥ فَإِنَّمَآ إِثۡمُهُۥ عَلَى ٱلَّذِينَ يُبَدِّلُونَهُۥٓۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٞ

(181) Whoever alters it^[289] after hearing it, then those who alter it will bear the burden of this sin. Indeed Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing.

[289] The will of the deceased.