የቅዱስ ቁርዓን ይዘት ትርጉም - የእንግሊዝኛ ትርጉም - በዶ/ር ወሊድ ብሊሂሽ አል-ዑመሪይ - ገና ያልተጠናቀቀ
ٱلۡمَالُ وَٱلۡبَنُونَ زِينَةُ ٱلۡحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنۡيَاۖ وَٱلۡبَٰقِيَٰتُ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتُ خَيۡرٌ عِندَ رَبِّكَ ثَوَابٗا وَخَيۡرٌ أَمَلٗا
[3855] One should not be swayed away from the reason for existence by the adornment of life; all of it will be gone one day (cf. Abū Ḥayyān).
[3856] al-Banūn is specific to male children. Arab idolaters used to take special pride in their sons (cf. Ibn ʿUthaymīn, Sūrat al-Kahf) rather than the daughters whom they took as bad omens (cf. Ibn ʿArafah).
These were what the Deniers cherished most in life, but the ‘everlasting good deeds’ are what the true Believers treasure most (cf. Ibn ʿĀshūr): “Prettified for mankind are objects of desire: women, children, hoards upon hoards of gold and silver, fine steeds, cattle and ploughing grounds; these are the pleasures of this worldly life, but with Allah lies the best of returns. *Say ˹Muhammad˺: “Shall I tell you what is better than this? For the Mindful with their Lord are Gardens under which rivers flow, in which they eternally abide; for them in these are purified spouses, and Pleasure from Allah—Allah is All-Seeing of ˹His˺ servants. *They are the ones who say: “Our Lord, indeed we have Believed! Forgive us our sins, and spare us the torment of Hellfire”. *˹They are˺ The forbearing, the truthful, the utterly devout, the ˹charitably˺ spending, and the ˹persistently˺ asking for forgiveness in the late-night hours” (3: 14-17).
[3857] The doers of good deeds will reap their benefits in the everlasting Hereafter. They are way better than sheer worldly gains and those of sound minds are more rightly hopeful of their benefit both in this life and the life to come (cf. al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī, al-Shinqīṭī): “The everlasting deeds are better with your Lord in reward and better in return!” (19: 76); “Whoever does good, male or female, while being a Believer, We shall make them live a good life and We shall confer upon them their reward ˹as much as they would be˺ for the best of what they used to do” (16: 97).
Exegetes have varying opinions as to what exactly ‘everlasting good deeds’ (al-bāqiyāt al-ṣāliḥat) refers to. al-Shinqīṭī summarizes these views as referring to all the deeds which please God Almighty; be they the five daily Prayers, or the four words (found in the hadith below), because, unlike the transient adornment of life, they are ‘everlasting’ for their doers, and ‘good’ because they are carried out in a manner that pleases God Almighty.
Abū Hurayrah (رضي الله عنه) narrated that the Messenger (ﷺ) said: “Subḥāna Allāh (Glory be to Allah), al-ḥamdu li-Allāh (All gratitude be to Allah), lā Ilāha illā Allāh (There is no god but Allah) and Allāh-u akbar (Allah is Greater) are among the everlasting good deeds” (al-Albānī, Silsilat al-Aḥādīth al-Ṣaḥīḥah: 3264).
وَيَوۡمَ نُسَيِّرُ ٱلۡجِبَالَ وَتَرَى ٱلۡأَرۡضَ بَارِزَةٗ وَحَشَرۡنَٰهُمۡ فَلَمۡ نُغَادِرۡ مِنۡهُمۡ أَحَدٗا
[3858] The transient nature of existence is carried on here but with vivid imagery of some scenes of the Hereafter, which comes after the life they are so engrossed with (cf. Ibn ʿĀshūr).
Even the mountains, which are the only constant being in existence, that weather away the vicissitudes of time and are never changed or decayed, will come to be removed: “They ask you ˹Muhammad˺ about the mountains. Say: “My Lord will blast them into nothing; * He leaves it ˹the ground˺ a barren plain. You will see no crookedness or curvature therein!” (20: 105-107)
[3859] That is, all flattened out with no place to hide anyone (cf. al-Ṭabarī, al-Qurṭubī, Ibn Kathīr).
[3860] “Not one of all ˹beings˺ that are in the Heavens or on Earth appears before the Most-Merciful other than as a servant. *Indeed, He fully knows them and has counted them precisely. *And each of them will return to Him on the Day of Judgement all alone” (19: 93-95)
وَعُرِضُواْ عَلَىٰ رَبِّكَ صَفّٗا لَّقَدۡ جِئۡتُمُونَا كَمَا خَلَقۡنَٰكُمۡ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةِۭۚ بَلۡ زَعَمۡتُمۡ أَلَّن نَّجۡعَلَ لَكُم مَّوۡعِدٗا
[3861] Even here, how they stand in front of God Almighty emphasizes the idea that they have nothing to hide behind (cf. al-Nasafī, al-Qāsimī, al-Saʿdī). This is a stern wake-up call for them to realize that the promise of them meeting God is very true.
[3862] That is, with nothing of the worldly gains that they used to brag about during their days (cf. al-Ṭabarī, al-Samarqandī, al-Qurṭubī).
Although applying to all people, given the context of revelation, the addressees here might be taken to be primarily the insolent Associators who used to lord it over the poor Believers. Here they have come, unclad, bare-footed with neither money nor helpers (cf. al-Rāzī).
وَوُضِعَ ٱلۡكِتَٰبُ فَتَرَى ٱلۡمُجۡرِمِينَ مُشۡفِقِينَ مِمَّا فِيهِ وَيَقُولُونَ يَٰوَيۡلَتَنَا مَالِ هَٰذَا ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ لَا يُغَادِرُ صَغِيرَةٗ وَلَا كَبِيرَةً إِلَّآ أَحۡصَىٰهَاۚ وَوَجَدُواْ مَا عَمِلُواْ حَاضِرٗاۗ وَلَا يَظۡلِمُ رَبُّكَ أَحَدٗا
[3863] The past tense employed here vividly brings the scenes of these future happenings to mind and imparts a sense of certainty to them (cf. Abū Ḥayyān, Abū al-Suʿūd).
[3864] “To every human We have tethered his fate to his neck; and on the Day of Judgement, We bring out to him a book which he finds spread wide! *“Read your book, yourself is enough as a reckoner over you this Day!”” (17: 14-15)
[3865] “On the Day in which every soul shall find all the good that it did ˹made˺ available ˹for it˺; ˹but˺ every foul ˹deed˺ that it has committed, it wishes it would be at a great distance from it ˹the foul deed˺; Allah warns you ˹to beware˺ of Himself—Allah is Most Compassionate to ˹His˺ servants” (3: 30).
[3866] “Verily Allah does not deal ˹anyone˺ unjustly as much as a mote’s weight; if it is a ˹one˺ good deed done, then He multiplies it and grants from His own ˹additionally˺ a great reward” (4: 40).
وَإِذۡ قُلۡنَا لِلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةِ ٱسۡجُدُواْ لِأٓدَمَ فَسَجَدُوٓاْ إِلَّآ إِبۡلِيسَ كَانَ مِنَ ٱلۡجِنِّ فَفَسَقَ عَنۡ أَمۡرِ رَبِّهِۦٓۗ أَفَتَتَّخِذُونَهُۥ وَذُرِّيَّتَهُۥٓ أَوۡلِيَآءَ مِن دُونِي وَهُمۡ لَكُمۡ عَدُوُّۢۚ بِئۡسَ لِلظَّٰلِمِينَ بَدَلٗا
[3867] The ones who waxed arrogant against the pious Believers are like the most rebellious creature in existence, Satan himself, who saw himself as superior to Adam (cf. 15: 33 and 17: 61) and refused to bow to him on this account and disobeyed God Almighty’s command. The snobbish Makkan elite are made mindful of this incident so that they do not go on following in Satan’s footsteps (cf. al-Rāzī, Ibn ʿĀshūr). They obey him and do his bidding and disobey the Command of God Almighty (cf. al-Ṭabarī).
[3868] He is identified as ‘one of the jinn’, to give the reason why he disobeyed God Almighty’s command (cf. Ibn Kathīr, al-Shawkānī). The angels are all honourable creatures of light and would never disobey their Lord (cf. al-Bayḍāwī, Ibn Ḥazm, al-Faṣl, 4: 28).
The species, jinn, are also mentioned so as to relate Satan to them, he being their father who scorned the father of all humans and particularly the Arabs here who used to worship his offspring: “They ascribe jinn as partners to Allah!” (6: 100); “They pray to none besides Him but females; they only pray to a rebelliously defiant Devil” (4: 117).
Demons could have possessed their idols and communicated through them; they also used to seek refuge from the evil of the jinn by appraising them and slaughtering sacrifices in their cause (cf. Ibn Taymiyyah, Majmūʿ al-Fatāwā, 14: 283-284; Ibn al-Qayyim, Shifā’ al-ʿAlīl, p. 27).
[3869] Sordid indeed is the exchange of God Almighty, the All-Munificent Benefactor, for Satan who despised their father, caused him and his wife to be ousted from Paradise, and he, along with his fellow demons, continue to lead people astray from the right Path and into Hell’s way (cf. al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī): “Did I not enjoin you, Children of Adam, not to worship Satan? He verily is an open enemy to you! *And that you must worship Me; this ˹Mine˺ is a Straight Path! *He had indeed led a great multitude of you astray; were you not taking heed!” (36: 60-62)
[3870] The ‘unjust’ (al-ẓālimūn) are the Associators (who are described as such much throughout the sura, cf. Ayas: 29, 35 and 57) (cf. Ibn ʿĀshūr, Ibn ʿUthaymīn, Sūrat al-Kahf). Who is more unjust to themselves than those who take their real enemy as an ally (cf. al-Saʿdī)?. Not putting things in their proper place is an injustice (cf. Abū Ḥayyān, al-Shinqīṭī).
۞ مَّآ أَشۡهَدتُّهُمۡ خَلۡقَ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَلَا خَلۡقَ أَنفُسِهِمۡ وَمَا كُنتُ مُتَّخِذَ ٱلۡمُضِلِّينَ عَضُدٗا
[3871] Those who were not privy to the magnificent act of creation of something as big as the Heavens and Earth and were, in fact, themselves created from non-existence, are not worthy ‘Associates’ of God Almighty and less so worthy of worship (cf. al-Biqāʿī, Naẓm al-Durar, Ibn ʿĀshūr).
[3872] God Almighty, the source of guidance, would not take the main cause of misguidance as helpers (Ibn ʿĀshūr).
وَيَوۡمَ يَقُولُ نَادُواْ شُرَكَآءِيَ ٱلَّذِينَ زَعَمۡتُمۡ فَدَعَوۡهُمۡ فَلَمۡ يَسۡتَجِيبُواْ لَهُمۡ وَجَعَلۡنَا بَيۡنَهُم مَّوۡبِقٗا
[3873] The gods they took for themselves, whom they claimed were Associates of God Almighty, betrayed them and misguided them in the worldly life and will come to let them down when they need them most in the Hereafter (cf. al-Biqāʿī, Naẓm al-Durar, al-Saʿdī).
[3874] “Indeed you have come to Us each one separately just as We created you in the first time and you left behind ˹all˺ what We conferred on you. We do not see your intercessors with you, those you ˹falsely˺ claimed are partners ˹with Us˺ in you; all has been severed between you ˹and them˺ and all that which you once claimed has deserted you” (6: 94).
[3875] “On the Day We gather them all, then We say to those who Associated: “At your spot! You and your ˹idol˺ Associates!” Then ˹soon˺ We disassociated them ˹from each other˺; and their Associates said: “Never were you worshipping us! *Allah is sufficient as Witness between us and you that we were ˹totally˺ unaware of your worship!” *There every soul scrutinizes what it did before; and they are returned to Allah their Master, the Real, and what they used to fabricate deserted them!” (10: 28-30).
وَرَءَا ٱلۡمُجۡرِمُونَ ٱلنَّارَ فَظَنُّوٓاْ أَنَّهُم مُّوَاقِعُوهَا وَلَمۡ يَجِدُواْ عَنۡهَا مَصۡرِفٗا
