含义的翻译 章 拜格勒 - 英文翻译-瓦利德·比利哈什·欧麦尔博士-正在进行。 - 页码 36 - 《古兰经》合辑

225 : 2

لَّا يُؤَاخِذُكُمُ ٱللَّهُ بِٱللَّغۡوِ فِيٓ أَيۡمَٰنِكُمۡ وَلَٰكِن يُؤَاخِذُكُم بِمَا كَسَبَتۡ قُلُوبُكُمۡۗ وَٱللَّهُ غَفُورٌ حَلِيمٞ

(225) Allah will not hold you accountable for careless swearing ˹by Him˺^[384], but He will hold you accountable for what your hearts have earned^[385]—Allah is All-Forgiving, All-Forbearing.

[384] Unintentionally saying: “Yes, by God”, or: “No, by God”. (al-Bukhārī: 6663)
[385] That is, a person intentionally lies and yet swears by God that he is telling the truth. (al-Ṭabarī, al-Saʿdī, al-Shinqīṭī)

226 : 2

لِّلَّذِينَ يُؤۡلُونَ مِن نِّسَآئِهِمۡ تَرَبُّصُ أَرۡبَعَةِ أَشۡهُرٖۖ فَإِن فَآءُو فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ

(226) Those who vow against their women, there shall be a waiting period of four months^[386]. But if they go back ˹on their oath˺, then Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful.

[386] This is the act of īlā’; vowing not to have intercourse with one’s wife with the purpose of punishing her. Four months is the maximum time limit allowed for this state of affairs to go on. Otherwise, the husband who took such a vow needs to either get things back to normal, in which case he does not need to make up for breaking his vow and is forgiven by God, or else he should conclude the divorce and no longer hurt his wife (cf. al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī).

227 : 2

وَإِنۡ عَزَمُواْ ٱلطَّلَٰقَ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٞ

(227) But if they are resolved on divorce, then Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing.

228 : 2

وَٱلۡمُطَلَّقَٰتُ يَتَرَبَّصۡنَ بِأَنفُسِهِنَّ ثَلَٰثَةَ قُرُوٓءٖۚ وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُنَّ أَن يَكۡتُمۡنَ مَا خَلَقَ ٱللَّهُ فِيٓ أَرۡحَامِهِنَّ إِن كُنَّ يُؤۡمِنَّ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡيَوۡمِ ٱلۡأٓخِرِۚ وَبُعُولَتُهُنَّ أَحَقُّ بِرَدِّهِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ إِنۡ أَرَادُوٓاْ إِصۡلَٰحٗاۚ وَلَهُنَّ مِثۡلُ ٱلَّذِي عَلَيۡهِنَّ بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِۚ وَلِلرِّجَالِ عَلَيۡهِنَّ دَرَجَةٞۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ

(228) Divorced women must wait for three courses^[387]. It is unlawful for them to conceal what Allah created in their wombs^[388], if ˹truly˺ they Believe in Allah and the Hereafter. Their husbands have more right to take them back if they ˹truly˺ mean to mend matters^[389]. For them ˹women˺ is as much as there is ˹expected˺ of them^[390], as per what is ˹socially˺ agreed^[391]; men have a degree above them^[392]—verily Allah is All-Prevailing, All-Wise.

[387] Thalāthata qurū’ is either three menstrual cycles, or three clean intervals after menstruation before a divorced woman can remarry. This is so as to ensure that no pregnancy has taken place. (al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī, al-Shinqīṭī, Ibn ʿĀshūr)
[388] That is to conceal pregnancy during their waiting period (ʿiddah), with the intention of concluding the divorce.
[389] Should they wish to reconcile. (al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī, al-Shinqīṭī)
[390] Their rights and duties are the same as men’s. (al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī, al-Shinqīṭī)
[391] The word maʿrūf, lit. the known, translated here as socially agreed, is recurrent over the next few ayas that deal with marital affairs. Social norms that are in agreement with Islamic laws come to bear on settling disputes of marriage and marital life, but the judgement of this is left for people of good reason and thorough knowledge, given that they intend to safeguard the sanctity of this bond.
[392] al-Shinqīṭī is of the opinion that this is explained by Aya 4: 34: “Men are in charge of women, because Allah favoured one over the other and of the money they ˹men˺ spend ”.

229 : 2

ٱلطَّلَٰقُ مَرَّتَانِۖ فَإِمۡسَاكُۢ بِمَعۡرُوفٍ أَوۡ تَسۡرِيحُۢ بِإِحۡسَٰنٖۗ وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمۡ أَن تَأۡخُذُواْ مِمَّآ ءَاتَيۡتُمُوهُنَّ شَيۡـًٔا إِلَّآ أَن يَخَافَآ أَلَّا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ ٱللَّهِۖ فَإِنۡ خِفۡتُمۡ أَلَّا يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ ٱللَّهِ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡهِمَا فِيمَا ٱفۡتَدَتۡ بِهِۦۗ تِلۡكَ حُدُودُ ٱللَّهِ فَلَا تَعۡتَدُوهَاۚ وَمَن يَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَ ٱللَّهِ فَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلظَّٰلِمُونَ

(229) Divorce is for two times^[393]; either hold them in agreeably^[394] or let ˹them˺ go gracefully. It is unlawful to you ˹men˺ to take back anything of what you gave them ˹your wives˺^[395], unless they ˹husband and wife˺ fear not upholding Allah’s boundaries^[396]; but if you^[397] fear that they would not uphold Allah’s boundaries, she would not be sinning in ˹choosing˺ whatever she redeems herself for^[398]. These are the boundaries of Allah—whoever oversteps the boundaries of Allah is among the transgressors.

[393] A man is only allowed to divorce his wife and then take her back twice. (al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī, al-Shinqīṭī)
[394] By being kind and nice to them, in accordance with agreed social norms, whilst they are under your roofs.
[395] Dowry and gifts.
[396] Here ḥudūd Allāh (God’s boundaries) means His commands regarding marital rights. A wife who seeks divorce because she does not feel affectionate towards, or just hates, her husband, in turn, alienates him by not fulfilling his rights, can, thus, compensate him for this. In this way, he is allowed to take the money in exchange for conceding to her demand for divorce (cf. al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Wāḥidī, al-Saʿdī, al-Shinqīṭī).
[397] The ones who are brought to pass judgement on the case.
[398] That is giving the husband an agreed sum of the money she received from him as dowry or gifts, in order to make him divorce her.

230 : 2

فَإِن طَلَّقَهَا فَلَا تَحِلُّ لَهُۥ مِنۢ بَعۡدُ حَتَّىٰ تَنكِحَ زَوۡجًا غَيۡرَهُۥۗ فَإِن طَلَّقَهَا فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡهِمَآ أَن يَتَرَاجَعَآ إِن ظَنَّآ أَن يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ ٱللَّهِۗ وَتِلۡكَ حُدُودُ ٱللَّهِ يُبَيِّنُهَا لِقَوۡمٖ يَعۡلَمُونَ

(230) But if he divorces her^[399], she becomes unlawful for him unless she marries another husband. If he^[400] ˹then˺ divorces her, they will not be sinning to go back ˹to each other˺^[401]; should they know that they would uphold Allah’s boundaries. These are the boundaries of Allah, which He makes clear to those who know.

[399] For a third time. (al-Qurṭubī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī)
[400] The other husband.
[401] Going back to her earlier husband if the divorce from her subsequent husband is sealed.