Traduzione dei significati Sura Al-Baqarah - Traduzione inglese - Dr. Walid Bleyhesh Al-Umary - traduzione in corso. - Numero di pagina 6 - L'Enciclopedia del Nobile Corano

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وَإِذۡ قَالَ رَبُّكَ لِلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةِ إِنِّي جَاعِلٞ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ خَلِيفَةٗۖ قَالُوٓاْ أَتَجۡعَلُ فِيهَا مَن يُفۡسِدُ فِيهَا وَيَسۡفِكُ ٱلدِّمَآءَ وَنَحۡنُ نُسَبِّحُ بِحَمۡدِكَ وَنُقَدِّسُ لَكَۖ قَالَ إِنِّيٓ أَعۡلَمُ مَا لَا تَعۡلَمُونَ

(30) ˹Mention Muhammad˺^[58] When your Lord said to the angels: “I shall instate a successor^[59] on Earth!” They said: “Will you instate in it one who sows corruption and sheds blood, whereas we ˹incessantly˺ glorify You in gratitude to You and exalt You?”^[60] He said: “I know that which you do not”.

[58] Abū al-Baqā’ al-Kafawī (al-Kulliyyāt, p. 69) says: “Whenever ˹the particle˺ idh is mentioned in the Qur’an it implies ˹the command˺ ‘mention!’ That is, mention ˹Muhammad˺ to them ˹the ones to whom the Qur’an is being recited˺ or recall in your mind… most exegetes agree to this”.
[59] Khalīfah is derived from khalafa which denotes standing in place of someone else (Ibn Fāris, Maqāyīs al-Lughah, 2: 210; al-Iṣfahānī, al-Mufradāt, p. 294). Here, it means someone who comes after another and takes his place; these are mankind, Adam and his progeny, who successively take over each other’s place, generation after generation, until the Day of Judgement. (al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Shinqīṭī)
[60] Abū Dharr (رضي الله عنه) narrated that the Prophet (ﷺ) was asked: “What is the best utterance?” He replied: “Whatever Allah chose for His angels and servants: “Subḥān Allāh wa bi-ḥamdih (Glorified be Allah and ˹we do this˺ in gratitude to Him)”. (Muslim: 2731)

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وَعَلَّمَ ءَادَمَ ٱلۡأَسۡمَآءَ كُلَّهَا ثُمَّ عَرَضَهُمۡ عَلَى ٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةِ فَقَالَ أَنۢبِـُٔونِي بِأَسۡمَآءِ هَٰٓؤُلَآءِ إِن كُنتُمۡ صَٰدِقِينَ

(31) He taught Adam all the names ˹of things˺, then showed them to the angels and said: “Tell Me the names of these, if only you were truthful!”

32 : 2

قَالُواْ سُبۡحَٰنَكَ لَا عِلۡمَ لَنَآ إِلَّا مَا عَلَّمۡتَنَآۖ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ ٱلۡعَلِيمُ ٱلۡحَكِيمُ

(32) They said: “Glorified may You be! We have no knowledge but what You have taught us. You are All-Knowing, All-Wise”.

33 : 2

قَالَ يَٰٓـَٔادَمُ أَنۢبِئۡهُم بِأَسۡمَآئِهِمۡۖ فَلَمَّآ أَنۢبَأَهُم بِأَسۡمَآئِهِمۡ قَالَ أَلَمۡ أَقُل لَّكُمۡ إِنِّيٓ أَعۡلَمُ غَيۡبَ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَأَعۡلَمُ مَا تُبۡدُونَ وَمَا كُنتُمۡ تَكۡتُمُونَ

(33) He said: “Adam! Tell them their names”. When he told them their names, He said: “Did I not instruct you that I know what is hidden in the Heavens and the Earth?—and I know what you make public and what you hide”^[61].

[61] This quiz was posed to the angels, the closest to God of His creation, to prove to them, by practical example, the Truth of God’s All-Encompassing Knowledge, and, in turn, the Wisdom of His Choice. It is also a concrete manifestation of God’s infinite Justice, which allows for questioning by even the most obedient of His subjects, the angels. This Most Able of Sovereigns answers their concerns.

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وَإِذۡ قُلۡنَا لِلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةِ ٱسۡجُدُواْ لِأٓدَمَ فَسَجَدُوٓاْ إِلَّآ إِبۡلِيسَ أَبَىٰ وَٱسۡتَكۡبَرَ وَكَانَ مِنَ ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ

(34) ˹Mention Muhammad˺ When We said to the angels: “Bow down to Adam!”^[62]; they bowed down except Iblīs^[63]; he refused, became arrogant^[64] and was one of the Deniers.

[62] The command to the angels to bow down to Adam is an act of worship to God and reverence to Adam who was honoured by God Himself. (al-Ṭabarī, al-Qurṭubī, Ibn Kathīr, al-Saʿdī, al-Shinqīṭī)
[63] Iblīs is Satan. Etymologically, iblīs comes from iblās, i.e. having no hope in good things, grief and sadness caused by utter despair. (Ibn Qutaybah, Gharīb al-Qur’ān, p. 23; al-Iṣfahānī, al-Mufradāt, p. 143)
[64] His arrogance is spelled out elsewhere in the Qur’an; 7: 12, 38: 76, 15: 33.

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وَقُلۡنَا يَٰٓـَٔادَمُ ٱسۡكُنۡ أَنتَ وَزَوۡجُكَ ٱلۡجَنَّةَ وَكُلَا مِنۡهَا رَغَدًا حَيۡثُ شِئۡتُمَا وَلَا تَقۡرَبَا هَٰذِهِ ٱلشَّجَرَةَ فَتَكُونَا مِنَ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ

(35) We said: “Adam! Dwell yourself and your wife in the Garden^[65] and eat thereof ˹bountifully˺ aplenty wherever you wish, but do not come near this tree, or ˹else˺ you will be from among the wrongful”.

[65] This Garden is Paradise, the very Heavenly abode of eternal bliss. (al-Qurṭubī, Ibn Taymiyyah, Majmūʿ al-Fatāwā, 4: 347, Ibn Kathīr, Ibn ʿĀshūr)

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فَأَزَلَّهُمَا ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنُ عَنۡهَا فَأَخۡرَجَهُمَا مِمَّا كَانَا فِيهِۖ وَقُلۡنَا ٱهۡبِطُواْ بَعۡضُكُمۡ لِبَعۡضٍ عَدُوّٞۖ وَلَكُمۡ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ مُسۡتَقَرّٞ وَمَتَٰعٌ إِلَىٰ حِينٖ

(36) Satan tripped them into it^[66] and drove them out from where they were^[67]; We said: “Go down, as enemies to each other. In Earth will be your dwelling and livelihood for a given time^[68]”.

[66] How he managed to do this is told in more detail in 7: 20-22.
[67] The great blessing of dwelling in Paradise.
[68] Until the Day of Judgement. (al-Ṭabarī, al-Saʿdī, Ibn ʿĀshūr)

37 : 2

فَتَلَقَّىٰٓ ءَادَمُ مِن رَّبِّهِۦ كَلِمَٰتٖ فَتَابَ عَلَيۡهِۚ إِنَّهُۥ هُوَ ٱلتَّوَّابُ ٱلرَّحِيمُ

(37) Adam received a few words^[69] from His Lord, and He forgave him; He is the All-Forgiving, the Most Merciful.

[69] These kalimāt or ‘words’, or supplication, are provided in 7: 23: “They ˹both˺ said: “Our Lord, we have wronged ourselves, and if You do not forgive us and have mercy upon us, we will surely be among the losers”.