Traducción de los significados del Sagrado Corán - La traducción al inglés- Dr. Walid Blihech Al Umari (en proceso)
قُلۡ أَيُّ شَيۡءٍ أَكۡبَرُ شَهَٰدَةٗۖ قُلِ ٱللَّهُۖ شَهِيدُۢ بَيۡنِي وَبَيۡنَكُمۡۚ وَأُوحِيَ إِلَيَّ هَٰذَا ٱلۡقُرۡءَانُ لِأُنذِرَكُم بِهِۦ وَمَنۢ بَلَغَۚ أَئِنَّكُمۡ لَتَشۡهَدُونَ أَنَّ مَعَ ٱللَّهِ ءَالِهَةً أُخۡرَىٰۚ قُل لَّآ أَشۡهَدُۚ قُلۡ إِنَّمَا هُوَ إِلَٰهٞ وَٰحِدٞ وَإِنَّنِي بَرِيٓءٞ مِّمَّا تُشۡرِكُونَ
[1326] To prove the Truthfulness of Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ), God is evoked as Arbiter between him and his opponents (cf. Ibn ʿĀshūr). In Arab culture, this is a very solemn undertaking; building on a sort of a code of honour. That God’s Most Majestic Name, ‘Allah’, is specifically mentioned draws on the addressees’ belief that Allah is Most Supreme over all the gods whom they claimed they only worshipped to draw them nearer to Him (39: 3). He is the One by Whom they used to bind each other in their pledges, dealings and interactions (cf. 4:1). They owed all their exceptional privileges over and above the whole of Arabia, to their legitimacy as guardians of His holiest shrine, the Kaʿbah. So to evoke His Name in testimony is extremely serious, especially when it comes from the one person whom they used to call al-amīn (the honest), Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ). “˹Nay˺ But ˹in spite of the Deniers˺ Allah ˹Himself ˺ bears witness to what He sent down to you – He sent it with His Knowledge – and the angels bear witness ˹to it˺ too—sufficient is Allah ˹indeed˺ as Witness” (4: 166).
[1327] This is the testimony of monotheism: the ultimate declaration, that there is only One God worthy of worship, Allah (عز وجل).
ٱلَّذِينَ ءَاتَيۡنَٰهُمُ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ يَعۡرِفُونَهُۥ كَمَا يَعۡرِفُونَ أَبۡنَآءَهُمُۘ ٱلَّذِينَ خَسِرُوٓاْ أَنفُسَهُمۡ فَهُمۡ لَا يُؤۡمِنُونَ
[1328] The People of the Book commanded much respect in the Arab collective consciousness because they were considered learned owing to their having Scriptures, whereas the Arabs of that time were overwhelmingly illiterate (62: 2). They are being brought to the fore here by way of forestalling an assumed argument of the Makkans against Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ). The People of the Book had an exact description of Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) in their Scriptures yet a great many of them did not Believe: “…those who follow the Messenger, the unlettered Prophet, whom they find inscribed in the Torah and the Evangel that is with them, who enjoins upon them what is right, and forbids them what is wrong, and makes good things lawful for them, and forbids them bad things, and relieves them of their burden and the shackles that were upon them. Thus those who Believe in him, honour him, help him, and follow the Light that has been sent down with him; it is they who shall prosper” (7: 157).
وَمَنۡ أَظۡلَمُ مِمَّنِ ٱفۡتَرَىٰ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ كَذِبًا أَوۡ كَذَّبَ بِـَٔايَٰتِهِۦٓۚ إِنَّهُۥ لَا يُفۡلِحُ ٱلظَّٰلِمُونَ
وَيَوۡمَ نَحۡشُرُهُمۡ جَمِيعٗا ثُمَّ نَقُولُ لِلَّذِينَ أَشۡرَكُوٓاْ أَيۡنَ شُرَكَآؤُكُمُ ٱلَّذِينَ كُنتُمۡ تَزۡعُمُونَ
[1329] Those whom they worshipped besides God Almighty.
ثُمَّ لَمۡ تَكُن فِتۡنَتُهُمۡ إِلَّآ أَن قَالُواْ وَٱللَّهِ رَبِّنَا مَا كُنَّا مُشۡرِكِينَ
[1330] “On the Day Allah resurrects them all, they will ˹falsely˺ swear to Him as they swear to you, thinking they have something to stand on. Indeed, it is they who are the ˹total˺ liars” (58: 18).
ٱنظُرۡ كَيۡفَ كَذَبُواْ عَلَىٰٓ أَنفُسِهِمۡۚ وَضَلَّ عَنۡهُم مَّا كَانُواْ يَفۡتَرُونَ
وَمِنۡهُم مَّن يَسۡتَمِعُ إِلَيۡكَۖ وَجَعَلۡنَا عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمۡ أَكِنَّةً أَن يَفۡقَهُوهُ وَفِيٓ ءَاذَانِهِمۡ وَقۡرٗاۚ وَإِن يَرَوۡاْ كُلَّ ءَايَةٖ لَّا يُؤۡمِنُواْ بِهَاۖ حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا جَآءُوكَ يُجَٰدِلُونَكَ يَقُولُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوٓاْ إِنۡ هَٰذَآ إِلَّآ أَسَٰطِيرُ ٱلۡأَوَّلِينَ
[1331] This is the case of those among the Deniers who would not see the Truth no matter what they are being presented with. This is because they willingly and eagerly rushed into rejecting God’s Signs as a matter of principle and out of entrenched beliefs. They knew that Believing would dispossess them of their special privileges, status and prestige, as Islam aimed to build a fundamentally equalitarian society. They just could not bring themselves to Believe in all that leads to this new state of affairs: “Those who Denied said: “Do not listen to this Qur’ān. Drown it out so that hopefully you will gain the upper hand” (41: 26); “Some of them would listen to you and when they come out of your place they say: “What did he say earlier?”” (47: 16); “They said: “Our hearts are in sheaths regarding what you call us for, there is impairment in our ears and between us and you is a barrier. Do your best then because we will surely be doing our best!”” (41: 5).
Other ayas describe the same Denial: “And who is more unjust than those who, when reminded of their Lord’s Signs, turn away from them and forget what their own hands have done? We have certainly put sheaths over their hearts – leaving them unable to perceive this ˹Qur’an˺ – and impairment in their ears. And if you invite them to guidance, they will never be guided” (18: 57); “When you recite the Qur’ān, We place a hidden veil between you and those who Believe not in the Hereafter. *We have placed sheaths over their hearts, preventing them from perceiving it, and impairment in their ears. When you mention your Lord alone in the Qur’ān, they turn their backs and run away” (17: 45-46).
[1332] “Yet, whenever they see a Sign, they turn away, saying: “Same old sorcery!”” (54: 2).
[1333] This is a dynamic equivalence translation, reproducing a comparable affective import in the target language. Another translation would be: “This is nothing but myths of old!” Literally, asāṭīr, are written news and stories of ancient times, where fact and myth are inextricably intertwined (cf. Ibn Qutaybah, Gharīb al-Qur’ān, Ibn Fāris, Maqāyīs al-Lughah, al-Iṣfahānī, al-Mufradāt). This claim is a familiar ruse of the Deniers: “Whenever Our Signs are recited to them, they say: “We have already heard ˹the recitation˺. If we wanted, we could have easily produced something similar. This is nothing but scribbles of the ancients!” (8: 31); “They say: “This is nothing but scribbles of the ancients, which he had written down: they are dictated to him morning and evening”” (25: 5).
وَهُمۡ يَنۡهَوۡنَ عَنۡهُ وَيَنۡـَٔوۡنَ عَنۡهُۖ وَإِن يُهۡلِكُونَ إِلَّآ أَنفُسَهُمۡ وَمَا يَشۡعُرُونَ
[1334] “Are those whose evil-doing is made so appealing to them that they deem it good ˹like those who are rightly guided˺?” (35: 8).
وَلَوۡ تَرَىٰٓ إِذۡ وُقِفُواْ عَلَى ٱلنَّارِ فَقَالُواْ يَٰلَيۡتَنَا نُرَدُّ وَلَا نُكَذِّبَ بِـَٔايَٰتِ رَبِّنَا وَنَكُونَ مِنَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ
[1335] This passage is meant to console the Prophet (ﷺ) and assure him of the Deniers’ fate – those who caused him much pain and distress – by giving him a preview of some events of the Day of Judgement. The scenes and sights being depicted are so real that the past tense is used as if the events had already taken place. The past tense is also meant as an assurance that the case has already been settled.
[1336] “As for those who Deny, theirs shall be the Fire of Hell. They will neither be done away with so as to die; nor will any of its Punishment be lightened for them. Thus do We requite every Denier. *They will howl out shouting therein: “Our Lord! Let us out, that we may do good other than that which we used to do. Did We not give you long life, enough for whosoever would reflect to reflect therein? And the Warner came to you, so taste ˹the Punishment˺! The wrongdoers shall have no helpers”” (35: 36-37).
