[17] i.e., the divine teachings reached them through Prophet Jacob and Joseph, and the righteous people of Israel.
[18] Denial of Noah was equal to denying all of Allah’s messengers.
[19] i.e., people of prophet Shuʿayb, or those mentioned in Surah Yā Sīn (36:13-29), or a tribe of Thamūd, etc. Rass (lit., well); for they killed their prophet by throwing him into or hanging him down an old or dry well. (Well)
[20] i.e., the city of Sodom; the people of Prophet Lot.
[21] So they do not take lessons from the doom of the past nations.